Quotes For Tutoring - Find Out How Much Tutor Charges

Quotes For Tutoring - Find Out How Much Tutor ChargesQuotes for tutoring are used to find out how much a tutor charges for his services. These are taken from different websites. It is the best source to get a better idea of the type of tutor you need. There are hundreds of tutors offering their services and it is up to you to choose which is the best for you.What if there was an easy way to find the best tutor? Now you can! If you have a laptop with internet connection, you can easily use your laptop and search through several tutoring sites for the quote of the tutors that you want. And then you can choose the best one and then pay the fee in order to get the service.These sites are updated regularly so you can check out the latest quotes for tutoring from the tutor. These quotes are also updated for both domestic and international tutors. By using this facility, you can save lots of time and effort as you can always make use of the best one to get the best results.You can use the w ebsite to find all the information about tutoring. You can also get the online quote for tutoring from the tutor that you like. This saves you from travelling to the tutoring centre and sitting for long hours.Online quotes for tutoring are provided by some of the tutoring companies too. It is your responsibility to verify the authenticity of the company that offers the service. The service provider should not charge you more than the quote for tutoring given by other tutors.Once you are done with the payment, you can start working on the assignments that you have asked for from the tutor. Before you can begin the tutoring, you must be satisfied with the quality of the work. Before you hire a tutor, you should also check whether he or she has worked before with the tutor that you have chosen. With this, you can be sure that you will get the best services from the tutor.The service charges are much less than the quote of tutoring. They can be the same as the quote but it does not mean that the service will be more expensive. The service is usually just a little more than the quoted quote for tutoring.

Should you take the SAT or ACT in 2014

Should you take the SAT or ACT in 2014 One of the most common questions we get here at AJ Tutoring is whether a student should take the ACT in addition to (or instead of) the SAT. Read on for more information to help you make the decision!How do the SAT and ACT differ?ACT questions are generally more straightforwardThe ACT has a science section, which the SAT does not haveThe SAT tests more vocabularyMath on the SAT only includes algebra and geometry, while math on the ACT includes more advanced trigonometryThe SAT is split up into more sectionsThe ACT is a faster-paced testSo, which test should my student take? Its difficult to predict which test is a better fit until students actually take the tests and compare their scores.  Subjectively, most students prefer the ACT because it feels like an easier test.   However, after the scores are scaled, most students get similar scores on both tests.  Some students, though, perform much better on one test and since colleges accept both tests for admission, we always recommend trying both the SAT and ACT!How can my student take a practice ACT test? AJ Tutoring offers free proctored practice tests for current students most Saturday mornings at our Palo Alto, Menlo Park, and San Jose offices.  Students are welcome to take a practice ACT, which we will score and compare to prior PSAT and SAT scores.   If its clear that the students score is much higher on one test than the other, its an easy decision thats the test we should focus on in the spring.  However, if the scores are similar, we recommend preparing for both tests.How do we prepare for the ACT? Because so much of the content on the tests is similar, AJ Tutoring offers a shorter ACT hybrid program for students who have already completed a full SAT preparation with us.  The ACT hybrid program, which is typically four sessions, focuses on strategies and timing unique to the ACT.   If your student is only planning on taking the ACT, we also offer a comprehensive 8-9 session preparation for the ACT a lone.To find ACT test dates for 2014 and to register for the ACT, please go to  the ACTs website.If you would like to register your student for a practice ACT  or would like to speak to a director about ACT tutoring in more detail, please give us a call at (650) 331-3251 or email us at info@ajtutoring.com.  Were looking forward to speaking with you!

Jimmie Johnson Foundation Announces Winners! - Heart Math Tutoring

Jimmie Johnson Foundation Announces Winners! - Heart Math Tutoring Jimmie Johnson Foundation Announces Winners! Jimmie Johnson Foundation Announces Winners! May 2, 2014             JIMMIE JOHNSON FOUNDATION ANNOUNCES WINNERS OF THE BLUE BUNNY HELMET OF HOPE CHARLOTTE, N.C. (May 2, 2014) The Jimmie Johnson Foundation announced today the five winners of the Blue Bunny Helmet of Hope, a program that allows fans and consumers across the country to nominate not-for-profit (501c3) organizations that support K-12 public education. Each of the winners will be awarded a $25,000 grant. The 5 winners are: • Crayons to Classrooms in Dayton, Ohio • Champions for Learning in Naples, Florida • HEART Tutoring in Charlotte, N.C. • Le Mars Community Schools Foundation in LeMars, Iowa • Reading Partners in Denver, Colorado The final five were selected via public vote. Approximately 438,658 votes were cast for the 10 semi-finalists during the voting period. “We are thrilled with this year’s Blue Bunny Helmet of Hope program,” Johnson said. The competition was tough. The public rallied around the semi-finalists to show their support. It was exciting to see the number of votes go up each day. All of the semi-finalist organizations were very deserving. Chani (wife) and I are honored that the Jimmie Johnson Foundation, in partnership with Blue Bunny, is able to support the great work of the 5 winners.” In addition to a $25,000 grant, each of the five winners will receive a Blue Bunny ice cream party and special recognition on Johnson’s race helmet during the Sprint Cup Series race on July 27, 2014 at Indianapolis Motor Speedway. To date, the Blue Bunny Helmet of Hope program has contributed more than $560,000 to 71 different charities. “Congratulations to the five winners of the 2014 Blue Bunny Helmet of Hope grants,” stated Mike Wells, President CEO, Wells Enterprises, Inc., maker of Blue Bunny ice cream. “The rallying effort by the fans and supporters of each of the 10 semi-finalists was impressive and illustrates the energy and passion around the purpose and mission of each organization. It is an honor to help each of them further the important work they are committed to around education.” About the Jimmie Johnson Foundation Chandra and Jimmie Johnson launched the Jimmie Johnson Foundation in February 2006. Johnson, the six-time NASCAR Sprint Cup champion, drives the No. 48 Lowe’s Chevrolet SS in NASCAR’s top series. The mission of the foundation is to assist children, families and communities in need throughout the United States. The foundation has committed more than $6.7 million to various charities. The Foundation currently focuses on K-12 public education. For additional information on the Jimmie Johnson Foundation, please visit www.JimmieJohnsonFoundation.org. About Blue Bunny Wells Enterprises, Inc., maker of Blue Bunny ice cream, is the largest privately held, family-owned ice cream and frozen treat manufacturer in the United States. The company was founded in 1913 and is headquartered in Le Mars, Iowa, the Ice Cream Capital of the World. Wells produces more than 1,100 ice cream and frozen novelty products, including its signature brand, Blue Bunny ®, super premium brand, 2nd St. Creameryâ„¢, and the iconic Bomb Pop ®. Wells also manufactures licensed frozen treat brands including Yoplait ® frozen yogurt and Weight Watchers ® frozen novelties. Visit bluebunny.com. Contact: Amanda Prothero, Jimmie Johnson Foundation 704.308.7439 aaanm Penny Copen, True Speed Communication 704.875.3388 x 810 Liz Croston, Blue Bunny 712.548.5522 oben

Get a head start with learning a language in a new country

Get a head start with learning a language in a new country As you begin your international teaching placements, you may be headed off to a new country with no knowledge of how to speak the native language. In some cases, you’ll be exposed to a completely different alphabet. Don’t fretâ€"use these simple tips that won’t take much time or trouble to get started learning a new language. The more you can learn, the more comfortable you’ll feel in your new city.Study lessWe know this seems counterintuitive, but there have been studies that show that simply reading textbooks and filling out workbooks when learning a language aren’t as effective as getting out into the world and activating that language. Full immersion is your friend! Don’t be shy to make mistakes, people will just appreciate the fact that you’re trying to learn their language. Take as many opportunities as you can to use your target language to communicate with the people around youâ€"even picking up a local newspaper and committing to read one article a day is more effective than studying a textbook and will help you advance more quickly.Stock up on sticky notesOne problem many people report when learning a new language is that they constantly forget common, everyday words that they imagined would be the easiest for them to remember. Using sticky notes to label everything around your apartment in your target language will give you constant little reminders to help you learn these words and work them into your vocabulary.Switch up your music playlistListening to music in a target language can be surprisingly helpful, even though you might feel like you’re doing no studying at all. Music stimulates memory recallâ€"just think about what it’s like when you hear a song you haven’t heard in years: you remember all the words. If you want to take it one step further, a lot of research even suggests that singing songs aloud in the target language may help you learn a language twice as quickly. Not to mention, your pronunciation will improve!Make new friendsThis might seem like it goes without saying, but if you’d like to make language learning one of your focuses, you should really look to make some friends outside of your teaching circle. Try local meetups, a conversation exchange, or a sports team. This way you’ll be exposed more regularly to your new country’s culture in an authentic way and you’ll learn some new language as well. You might even pick up on slang and colloquial language a bit more easily if you have a friend to show you the ropes.Reset your electronics and social networksIf you’re a frequent Facebook user, you’ve likely memorized the functionality in your mother tongue. Why not switch the default language to the native language of your new country to learn some computing vocabulary and common words? You can do this in your Account Settings.You don’t have to stop there thoughâ€"try your cellphone and laptop as well. These will begin to get you thinking about daily tasks in another language.   If you’ve found resources or tips of your own that have helped your advance your language learning, share them with us!

March 8 International Womens Day Greetings

March 8 International Womens Day Greetings Each year in the first month of spring on March 8th International Women’s Day is celebrated around the world. International Women’s Day may be hardly called international as the tradition to celebrate this day does not exist internationally. Only in some countries like China, Russia, Vietnam and Bulgaria it is a national holiday. However still this day is also known as the United Nations (UN) Day for Women’s Rights and International Peace which celebrates women’s achievements worldwide and throughout history. All over the world women consider March 8th a day of pleasant emotions, high spirits, and vivid impressions. The 8th of March is not only the day of Women it is also a day when the warmth of our harts breaks the ice and Winter gives way to Spring. For most of people this holiday is a mixture of  Mothers Day  and  St. Valentines Day. But the main benefit of March 8th is that this holiday celebrates all women, including mothers, grandmothers, daughters, girlfriends, female tutors and students. TutorZ’ team congratulates all our female and male customers with this wonderful holiday. Happy Women’s day to all of you!

I am a Math Tutor!

I am a Math Tutor! Hi, I am Clara M. I have graduated from Purdue University, Indiana. I am now working as a private tutor. I would like to share with you my experience as a private tutor. I have graduated with an BA in Mathematics in 2010. I am a hard worker and learning does not come easy to me. When I started my studies I never thought I would major in Math. But my math teacher Anna made enjoy solving math problems like nobody before. Anne is my role model. She teaches well and I get go in her office for private lectures. Students say Math is very tough subject but, for me, it became easy as well as rewarding. Thus I decided to major in mathematics at Purdue University. I am now a personal tutor teaching all types of math including Algebra, Statistics, Trigonometry, Geometry, Calculus and Differential Equations. I registered myself in tutorz.com, an online private tutoring service. It was about four months back; I got a call early morning. Young mom needs tutoring help for her kid to learn math. She also said that the child got exam next week, and asked to help at any cost. It was like a challenge in my tutoring career and I decided to tutor the child. The place was nearly 20 miles away from my place in Indiana, I went that evening to see the child and started tutoring classes. Steven, the child was looking smart and energetic. We were given separate study room and agreed to take two hours of classes daily. I was most excited and happy that I’m going to tutor a child for the first time. On first day, I had a general talk with Steven and asked his likes/dislikes, hobbies and other things. The next hour I gradually started to talk about Calculus. He was so studious and grasped things quickly. We scheduled daily time table for his exams and moved towards reaching that goal. My notes were very helpful to him as well as for me. For every one hour I used to give a break for few minutes. I say inspiring stories to motivate the child during interval time. I gave daily test and also weekly test to improve his capability. Finally he scored “A” grade in Math exam. Steven’s mom was so surprised on seeing his confidence and brightness. She thanked me a lot for providing such a valuable support in her son’s studies. She gave me nice doll along with my pay. I really thank tutorz.com to give me such a nice opportunity to portray my teaching skills and also to make my teaching experience most pleasurable. Clara M.

Adulting FTW 3 Reasons Why Adults Are Superior Language Learners

Adulting FTW 3 Reasons Why Adults Are Superior Language Learners 3 Reasons Why Adults Are Superior Language Learners Kids are great language learners, no question.You drop ‘em down in a foreign country, and the adults around them just enviously watch as they  soak in their new linguistic environment.  Before you know it, those kids are throwing around complex grammatical patterns that adults just can’t seem to wrap their heads around.Its sobering, isnt it?Except this isn’t how it happens at all.In fact, kids are pressured to learn languages well, tooâ€"the adults around them have unyielding expectations, and their peers certainly won’t let mistakes creep in unnoticed (lest we forget the cruelty of the grade school social hierarchy). Plus, they need to communicate to have their basic needs and wants met, as theyre dependent on adults to provide for them.Adults have the privilege of acting without these pressures, and that’s incredibly freeing. The only reason why adults seem to struggle isâ€"wait for itâ€"the  learning methods they choose. Once adults learn to harness their adult human abi lities, they run circles around children when it comes to language acquisition.Still don’t believe me? Here are three reasons why adults are way better language learners than kids!3 Reasons Why Adults Are Superior Language Learners1. Adults already know at least one languageAdults don’t realize that they have a wealth of independent language knowledge that they can tap into. Children are facing the world for the first timeâ€"they have to parse through thousands of new concepts along with new vocabulary.Children  learn their first language in a vacuum, and thats  not  very efficient.Luckily, this isn’t the case for adult learners! Adults are familiar with abstract concepts and advanced vocabulary in their native languages. Adults have some measure of education, and have tens of thousands of hours of experience communicating with people and solving problems. They already know how to buckle down and study, how to discover the best language learning strategies and how to track dow n all the resources they need. And that’s where the advantage lies!You can find resources you love because you have access to the world. The ability to find and use native resources to learn a second language is only possible  because you know a first language and because youre familiar with concepts kids hardly understand.You can milk this for all it’s worth when you take advantage of native resources like movies, TV  and music. If you’re learning a language related to your native language, you can take advantage of cognates and related grammatical concepts in ways kids just can’t.Even if you’re learning a completely unrelated language, you can leverage your adult knowledge of human nature while watching TV and movies. The visuals provide the context you need, and you can guess at the meaning of the language involved.2. Adults can readThis skill is totally underestimated when adults evaluate their language learning skills compared to kids. You might be thinking, sure, I c an read, but memorizing all those grammar tables sure didn’t do me any good in school.How about thisâ€"notice how toddlers need a huge number of repetitions to remember new words, phrases and grammar? We tend to gloss over these toddler mistakes in our minds. They’re kids, and they’re just talking like kids! Nevertheless, the way toddlers learn, through audio input and body language alone, is woefully inefficient. Grade school lessons on how to read and write cant come fast enough. Once they make those leaps in skill development, they start learning much more about the world around them.Reading, on the other hand, allows us to get those repetitions in relatively quickly and painlessly. Meanwhile, the littlest learners  cant just pick up a book or a pen and get to practicing.Sure, textbooks and grammar reference books are one way to leverage this ability to read, but I recommend homemade flashcards and word lists, especially if youre a visual learner. Writing down a word when y ou learn it cements it better in your mind.The best way to take advantage of your literacy skills is with a Spaced Repetition System (SRS). SRS is a programmed system that uses an algorithm based on human memory and how quickly individuals forget items they wish to learn. One way to use this is to  create flashcards with foreign words or sentences on the front, and translations on the back in your native tongueâ€"or even a definition written out in the foreign language. If you test poorly on the card, the program gives it back to you immediately. If you think the cards easy and nail the correct answer right away each time, the card comes back in increasingly longer periods of time as you do your repetitions.FluentU uses a one-of-a-kind SRS. Thats because  FluentU takes real-world videosâ€"like music videos, movie trailers, news and inspiring talksâ€"and turns them into personalized language learning lessons. These real-world videos then become part of your flashcard experience. Yup, there are multimedia flashcards there to improve your overall vocabulary retention with tons of great, interactive content.There are other independent flashcard resources like the well-known  Anki  program, so you can try out different programs and see what you like!  As for content, choose words that are exciting and essential to you.If you’re feeling very adventurous, the All Japanese All The Time immersion method has learners entering whole sentences  into flashcards.  With all the repetition youre going to get, you  end up learning grammar alongside vocab items.  Cool!Finally, trusty old vocab lists are a tried and true method of mine. It’s as simple as choosing specialized vocabulary that you want to learn, preferably in a certain field or family of words. I use Fluent Forever author Gabriel Wymer’s method of listmakingâ€"creating a basic word bank of several hundred words. FluentU has everything you need to create your own thematic, neatly-organized word lists and study them using the SRS, so you can jump right into this method whenever you want!3. Adults have the ability to learn how to learnThis is probably the most important point here. Think about it: Kids generally have no control over their lives or the way they learn, whether in school or otherwise.Kids learning a second language through immersion also dont get much choice in the matter. They move to the countries their parents pick and go to the schools their parents send them to. They succeed, sure, but there’s a lot of unnecessary anxiety and pressure that I’m sure you really don’t want to deal with.And you don’t have to! You have control over how you learn, and more importantly, you can choose to learn how you want to learn. Keeping up the fun improves your motivation and attitude, and that  helps you learn faster and retain more than an unmotivated kid ever could.For example, native Japanese students living in Japan learn the 2042 jouyou kanji (essential Japanese characters) al l the way through high school. That’s about 12 long  years of formal instruction and memorizing characters. Its no wonder the Japanese writing system has such a strong  reputation for being difficult to learn. But these native students are mainly using rote memorizationâ€"or at the very least theyre at the whim of their teachers teaching and learning strategiesâ€"which isn’t always the best way to learn things for every individual.If you’re a Japanese learner and feel so inclined, you can purchase  Heisig’s Remembering the Kanji, and store those characters  away in a fraction of the time it takes for a Japanese kid. James Heisig invented an innovative way to memorize kanji thats great for almost anyone learning as an adult. He uses mnemonic devices and fanciful stories to help you remember each portion of each character. I’ve used the method myselfâ€"soon you end up seeing pictures and stories instead of incomprehensible squiggles, and voilá, memorization! You don’t hav e to be a genius, you don’t have to have talent. Youve  just got to recognize that youre an adult who can recognize a better way of doing things when you see one!This same principle works well for learning any language. It all comes down to curiosity, control and figuring out when something isn’t working. Don’t like the textbook you have? Try  a new one! Don’t like using that deck of flashcards, or don’t think it’s working for you? Experiment with word lists or media-based immersion!For a bridge between learner-oriented and authentic media immersion, check out polyglot Olly Richards  Grammar Hero (all about the building blocks), Conversations (for fast fluency) or the Uncovered courses (targeting specific languages including Spanish, French, German and Italian.)You can also keep yourself motivated and accountable with your adult sense of self-awareness. You know youll need deadlines to make big strides in learning and measure your overall progress, so set goals for yours elf.Long-term goals, or where you want to be in several months or a year, are great for keeping your eye on the prize. Short-term goals, like daily or weekly tasks, help you concentrate on the little habits that will get you where you want to be. For example, when I was learning Spanish, I set a one year  goal to be able to read mainstream  novels  and understand radio in Spanish. And then I committed to doing SRS reps and listening to Spanish podcasts for set amounts of time each day.Work on your productivity skills with time-boxing, yet another learnable way to conquer procrastination and achieve huge goals. Time-boxing was first popular in tech fields, but its a time management technique proven to get people moving on big projects again and again. Basically, its breaking down your big task into manageable bites using timers to create time-boxes.Lets say you want to work on some textbook lessons, but youre having a hard time getting yourself moving. Well, set a 20-minute timer, an d decide to stick with that time period no matter what! At the very least, youll get 20 minutes of work done. However, a likely outcome is that, once the ball is rolling, youll be engrossed with your studies and keep moving for some time even  after the timer has run out. After you complete one time-box, reset the timer and try for another one after a small break.You can do this with listening to radio, watching portions of a movie or reading material in your target language. Youre turning an unfathomable project into a game that you can win! And if 20 or 30 minutes  still seems daunting, you might try even shorter time-boxesâ€"10 minutes, 5 minutes or even 1 minute. Anything to get trick your brain into thinking the task isnt  really  that big.All of this fine-tuned organization, planning, goal-setting and method selection simply cant be matched by children. This is something that you have the power to do because youre an adult. Three cheers for being a grown up!Kids might thrive i n their controlled environments, but adults have the advantage of freedom over their own lives. They have life experience and prior knowledge. With freedom and curiosity, they can leverage this  experience and knowledge to achieve goals kids can’t even fathom.So don’t beat yourself up for not having learned a second language when you were in diapers.You’re never too old!

Using a Chemistry Vial

Using a Chemistry VialUsing a chemistry vial may be a simple process, but it can be surprisingly difficult if you are not familiar with the appropriate methods. If you are looking to have your own chemical laboratory supplies, but want to keep the cost down, consider using a vial for your cleaning supplies. You will find that this method works well for many different types of laboratory uses, and is also a method that is convenient for the environment.First, what is a vial? It is a glass or plastic container used to hold a concentrated solution. There are numerous types of vials available for home use. However, some options are slightly more expensive than others. Once you know the size of the vial, you will be able to determine which type will work best for your specific needs.In some cases, you need a large vial for a variety of tasks. For example, if you are working with flammable liquids, you might need a larger vial. For this type of project, you may choose to purchase a chemist ry lab vial instead of a small-size one. In some cases, a larger vial will work better for the task at hand.Sometimes, you will need a liquid solution to clean. Liquid solutions will consist of a concentration that is less than what you need. This can be done by diluting the liquid in a separate container. This method is very effective for certain jobs. For example, a plasma tube must be cleaned several times each day.When cleaning plasma tubes, you will want to have a solution that is higher than what you need to perform the job. This allows you to do a thorough cleaning without having to clean a large volume of liquid. If you have a plasma tube with an attached vacuum, you can add your own solutions. This allows you to do the cleaning in a number of different ways. You can use an ordinary salt and allow the plasma to run longer before using a chemical solution.When cleaning glassware, it is necessary to be careful. It is not enough to make sure you only put in the right amount of solution. It is also important to not put in too much, as you would not want to damage the glassware. Because of this, make sure you use a lab grade glassware container or chemical solution for your projects.Using a chemistry vial can be a convenient way to clean glassware. Many vials are relatively inexpensive and can be purchased from online vendors. You can even purchase a chemical laboratory supplies store with the ability to stock a wide selection of vials. You can save quite a bit of money by purchasing the right ones for your specific needs.

Tufts Math Tutoring - An Independent Study Program For Students Who Want To Learn More About Math

Tufts Math Tutoring - An Independent Study Program For Students Who Want To Learn More About MathTufts Math Tutoring is a unique and distinctive community college in Boston, Massachusetts that offers independent study courses that complement the courses in traditional colleges. Tufts is a liberal arts college that has evolved from a young, family-centered mission into a more traditional campus environment where the pursuit of knowledge and learning takes place.At Tufts, math is taught as a course in all four colleges. The students in the major are students who have a bachelor's degree in any STEM or other academic subject and also have a strong interest in mathematics. Classes at Tufts Math Tutoring are designed to meet the needs of these students by emphasizing the formal curriculum that is the backbone of the university. The core curriculum of mathematics in all four colleges consists of calculus, algebra, trigonometry, statistics, linear algebra, geometry, advanced courses in calc ulus and statistics, and the sciences.All the math courses taken at Tufts have the same goal in mind: to help students acquire the skills and knowledge they need to compete in a highly competitive job market. Graduates of Tufts are well-positioned to pursue graduate school in a variety of fields, to enter competitive career fields, and to enter the workforce in fields such as finance, health care, and technology.Tufts Math Tutoring majors are encouraged to take advantage of their independent study program by enrolling in a range of classes at their own pace. Courses are usually offered at convenient times in the course of the student's time schedule. For this reason, students may take math courses during their day jobs and still complete the coursework in time for the next class.Tufts Math Tutoring majors benefit from having a chance to expand their math skills in their own learning environment. Tufts has a dedicated Math Tutoring Center, which provides students with a supportive, i nteractive learning environment. Tufts Math Tutoring students have access to tutors from the Mathematics Department who are capable of providing a variety of hands-on experiences that help them develop mathematics skills. Classes at Tufts Math Tutoring are often held on campus so that students can attend the sessions at their convenience.Tufts Math Tutoring students will also be able to learn how to use advanced skills in advanced math courses. Advanced classes in algebra, algebraic geometry, trigonometry, calculus, and statistics can be used to supplement the courses in the Math Major and help students to progress more quickly toward their goal of acquiring advanced skills in their own math courses. Students who choose to enroll in these advanced classes can develop skills that will be useful in many different areas of their academic lives, including leadership positions and other professional careers.Tufts Math Tutoring students can rely on tutors in their Math Tutoring classes to guide them through the coursework, providing support when they are at their most confident and productive. Tufts Math Tutoring is a smart move for future students to make as their academic goals are honed by these specialized courses.